BY-LAWS
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF ARKADELPHIA, ARKANSAS
A Religious Corporation
Submitted to Church by Motion of Church Council: October 16, 2005
Approved by Vote of Church: January 15, 2006
BY-LAWS
OF
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF ARKADELPHIA, ARKANSAS
A Religious Corporation
ARTICLE 1. MEMBERSHIP
Section 1. General
This is a sovereign and democratic Baptist church under the
Lordship of Jesus Christ. The membership retains the exclusive right of
self-government in all phases of the spiritual and temporal life of the
Church.
Section 2. Membership
The membership of the corporation shall consist of the
members in good standing of the Church as reflected on the membership rolls
maintained by the Church Clerk.
Section 3. Candidacy
Any person may offer himself as a candidate for membership
in the Church. All such candidates shall be presented to the Church for
approval at any regular church service in any of the following ways:
(a) By profession of faith
and baptism;
(b) By promise of a letter
of recommendation from another Baptist church; or,
(c) By a statement of prior
conversion experience and scriptural baptism - when no letter is obtainable.
A Christian who belongs to another denomination, or a member
of another Baptist church temporarily in the area and wishing to maintain
membership in his or her home church, may be a part of the Church fellowship
under a watchcare program; watchcare members do not have voting rights.
Section 4. Voting Rights of Members
With the exception of watchcare members, every member of the
Church is entitled to vote at all elections and on all questions submitted
to the Church in a business meeting provided the member is present. Voting
by absentee ballot or proxy voting is prohibited.
Section 5. Termination of
Membership
Membership shall be terminated in the following ways:
(a) Death;
(b) Transfer to another
Baptist church;
(c) Action of the Church as
outlined in Article I, Section 6;
(d) Uniting with a church
of another denomination or faith; or
(e) By request in writing
from the member addressed to the Church Clerk.
Section 6. Discipline
It shall be the basic purpose of the First Baptist Church,
Arkadelphia, to emphasize to its members that every reasonable measure will
be taken to assist any troubled member. The pastor, other members of the
Church staff, deacons, and concerned members are available for counsel and
guidance. Redemption rather than punishment should be the guideline which
governs the attitude of one member toward another.
Should some serious condition exist which would cause a
member to become a liability to the Church’s general welfare, every
reasonable measure shall be taken by the pastor and the deacons to resolve
the problem. All such proceedings shall be pervaded by a spirit of
Christian kindness and forbearance. When the Church’s welfare will best be
served by the exclusion of the member, the Church may take this action by a
two-thirds vote of the members voting at a meeting called for this purpose;
and the Church may proceed to declare the offender to be no longer in the
membership of the Church.
No member shall be expelled from the membership of the
Church except under the following procedure. Not less than fifteen (15)
days prior to the meeting called for the purpose of considering the
expulsion of the member, the member shall be given written notice of the
meeting and reasons that expulsion are being considered. The notice shall
be served on the member by first class or certified mail sent to the last
known address of the member shown on the Church records. The member shall
be given the opportunity to be heard, either in person or in writing at the
meeting called to consider the question of expulsion. No vote to expel a
member shall be effective until five (5) days after the meeting at which the
vote occurred.
Any person whose membership has been terminated under the
provisions of this Section may, upon his request, be restored to membership
by a vote of the Church upon evidence of repentance and reformation.
ARTICLE II. CHURCH OFFICERS
All Church officers must be voting members of the Church.
The officers shall be as follows:
Section 1. Pastor
The pastor is responsible for leading the Church to function
as a New Testament church. The pastor shall lead the congregation, the
Church organizations, and the Church staff to perform their tasks.
The pastor is leader of pastoral ministries in the Church.
As such the pastor works with the deacons, staff, and other members to:
(a) Lead the Church in
performing its task;
(b) Lead the Church to
engage in a fellowship of worship, witness, education, ministry, and
application;
(c) Proclaim the gospel to
believers and unbelievers; and,
(d) Care for Church members
and other persons in the community.
A pastor shall be chosen and called by the Church whenever a
vacancy occurs. An election on the question of whether to call a pastor
shall take place at a meeting called for that purpose, for which at least a
seven (7) day notice has been given. The pastor shall serve until the
relationship is terminated by his request or that of the Church. In either
case such action shall include a one-month notice.
A Pastor Search Committee shall be elected to seek out a
suitable pastor, and its recommendation will constitute a nomination. The
Committee shall bring to the consideration of the Church only one name at a
time. Election shall be by ballot, an affirmation vote of three fourths of
those voting being necessary.
The Pastor Search Committee shall consist of seven members
and shall be chosen as follows:
(a) A Review Committee
shall be made up of one representative selected by each of the following
programs: Sunday School, Discipleship Training, Deacons, Missions and
Music. The deacon representative shall serve as chairman of the Committee.
(b) The Review Committee
shall solicit nominations for the Pastor Search Committee from all members
of the Church;
(c) Based upon nominations
from Church members and the willingness of those nominated to serve, the
Review Committee shall nominate eleven possible members for the Pastor
Search Committee for election by the Church; and,
(d) The seven nominees who
receive the most number of votes shall constitute the Pastor Search
Committee and they shall elect a chairman at their first organizational
meeting.
Section 2. Ministerial Staff
The Church shall have such ministerial staff positions as
shall be necessary for the efficient execution of its objectives. The number
and description of such positions may vary from time to time to conform to
the needs of the Church as those needs are determined by action of the
Church membership following recommendations by the Personnel Committee set
out in Article III, Section 4 of these By-Laws.
Section 3. Deacons
There should be a sufficient number of deacons to
effectively assist the Church with its ministries. The exact number shall
be determined by Church action upon recommendation of the deacons.
The deacons shall serve on a rotation basis. Each year, the
term of office of one fourth of the number of deacons shall expire, and
election shall be held to fill the vacancies. In case of death, removal or
incapacity to serve, the Church may elect a deacon to fill the unexpired
term. After serving a term of four years, a deacon shall be eligible for
re-election only after the lapse of at least one year. If a new member was
formerly an active deacon in the Church from which he or she transferred,
the Church has no obligation to activate him or her in this capacity.
For the purpose of filling the annual vacancies; and any
time a vacancy exists, the Nominating Committee shall make available to the
Church a list of active deacons with their terms of service and insure that
the membership of the Church has an opportunity to suggest names of persons
to be nominated to the office of deacon. Following qualifications screening
by the Nominating Committee and the pastor, the Committee shall present a
slate of deacons equal to the number of deacons to be elected by the Church,
with spaces provided for write-in votes.
In accordance with the meaning of the word and New Testament
practice, deacons are to be servants of the Church. The task of the deacon
is to serve with the pastor and staff in performing pastoral ministries
tasks; proclaim the gospel to believers and unbelievers; engage in a
fellowship of worship, witness, education, ministry, and application; and
lead the Church in performing its tasks.
Committees and organizations are encouraged to inform the
pastor and deacon body of major recommendations coming before the Church for
action. This is not to be interpreted that the deacons shall act as a
ruling body or that they shall have the authority to block or to modify the
recommendation of any organization or committee. It is rather assumed that
such information given to the deacons will strengthen the recommendation
when it is presented to the Church for action.
The pastor will keep the deacon body, through its chairman,
informed as to the times he will be away from the Church field for revivals,
conferences, speaking engagements, vacation, etcetera. In event that a
serious misunderstanding develops between the pastor and the Church
congregation, the deacon body shall serve as a reconciliation group to
attempt to solve the problem.
During the time that the Church is without a pastor,
administrative oversight of the Church shall be assumed by the chairman of
deacons until a new pastor is called or until an interim pastor is elected.
Section 4. Moderator
The moderator shall be elected annually by the Church. Any
member, including the pastor or other ministerial staff, shall be eligible
to serve in this capacity. The moderator should be skilled in presiding
over meetings and knowledgeable of the Roberts' Rules of Order, and be aware
of Church policies and procedures and the functions of all Church
committees. The moderator is responsible for presiding at all Church
business meetings, working with the staff to help all committees in their
responsibilities. He/she has the authority to appoint a parliamentarian as
needed. In the absence of the moderator, the chairman of deacons shall
preside; or in the absence of both, the clerk shall call the Church to order
and an acting moderator shall be elected.
Section 5. Clerk
The clerk shall be elected annually by the Church. The
Clerk shall keep a suitable record of all the actions of the Church, except
as otherwise herein provided. The Clerk is responsible for keeping a
register of the names of members with dates of admission, dismissal voted on
by the Church, preserve on file all communications and written official
reports, and give notice of all meetings where such notice is necessary, as
indicated in these By-Laws. The Church staff shall assist the Clerk in
carrying out his/her clerical responsibilities. All Church records are
Church property and should be filed in the Church office or other designated
locations as approved by the Church.
Section 6. Treasurer
Annually, the Church shall elect a Church Treasurer and an
Assistant Treasurer. Their duties shall be determined by the Finance
Committee, unless stated herein.
The Assistant Treasurer and one ministerial staff member
other than the Pastor, as designated by the Finance Committee, shall have
authority to assist the Treasurer, including the signing of checks, and to
act in the Treasurer’s absence when necessary.
Section 7. Trustees
Three Trustees, elected by the Church, shall serve as
directors of the corporation as required by Arkansas Code Annotated
§4-33-801. The Trustees shall have the authority to sign documents on
behalf of the Church. They shall have no power to buy, sell, mortgage,
lease, insure or transfer any property nor to take any other action on
behalf of the corporation without specific vote of the Church authorizing
each action. It shall be the sole function of the Trustees to affix their
signatures to legal documents involving the sale, mortgage, purchase, rental
or property or other legal documents where the signatures of directors are
required. The three Trustees shall be elected by the Church to serve
six-year terms, with a Trustee being elected bi-annually.
ARTICLE III. COMMITTEES AND COORDINATING
GROUPS
Section 1. General
The members of all Church committees shall be recommended by
the Nominating Committee and elected by the Church unless otherwise
indicated herein. Ex Officio members of committees as specified herein
shall have full voting rights on the respective committees.
Committee membership should be, where appropriate,
representative of the total Church membership. All committee members shall
be voting members of the Church. Committee members shall serve on a
three-year rotation system with one-third to be elected each year.
All standing committees shall have nine members with the
exception of the Nominating and Stewardship Committees which shall have six
members each. Committees shall serve on a yearly (calendar) basis and shall
elect officers at the initial meeting of the year. They shall schedule
subsequent meetings as needed.
Special committees as may be required in the future shall be
created by vote of the Church upon recommendation of the Church Council.
Standing committees may be added or deleted by amendment of these By-Laws.
The Church Council shall be responsible for aligning all
programs and activities through an appropriate standing committee or program
organization of the Church.
The Pastor shall designate an appropriate ministerial staff
member to serve as an ex-officio member of each committee.
Each committee shall keep the Church informed of its plans
and activities and shall coordinate its work with the other committees, the
Church Council and deacons.
Section 2. Church Council
The council, unless otherwise determined by vote of the
Church, shall have as its members the Pastor, the ministerial staff, Sunday
School Director, Discipleship Training Director, Women's Missionary Union
Director, Women’s Ministry Coordinator, Men’s Ministry Coordinator, Media
Director, Chairman of Deacons, Church Moderator, Church Clerk, Church
Treasurer, and committee chairmen.
The primary functions of the Council are:
(a) To establish a calendar
of activities for the Church;
(b) To promote this
calendar of activities; and,
(c) To coordinate the
overall effort of the Church and all its organizations.
Section 3. Nominating Committee
The Nominating Committee shall be elected by the Church on
recommendation of the Church Council. The Council shall submit
approximately fifty percent more nominees than the number to be elected.
The Nominating Committee shall work with program leaders in
coordinating the staffing of all Church leadership positions that are filled
by volunteers and shall recommend them for election by the Church.
Section 4. Personnel Committee
The Personnel Committee is charged with the responsibility
of making recommendations with regard to staff needs, salary, employee
benefits, personnel policies, and position descriptions. It shall be the
responsibility of this Committee to recommend to the Church individuals to
fill ministerial staff positions, with the exception of the Pastor, but
including all interim personnel. The office personnel, food services
personnel, custodial personnel and any other supportive employees should be
employed by the ministerial staff within approved budget allocations, and
with the approval of and within the framework determined by the Personnel
Committee.
Section 5. Maintenance Committee
The Maintenance Committee is responsible for the maintenance
and insurance of the total properties of the Church. It shall study the upkeep
needs of the Church property and project plans for maintenance and repairs. The
Committee shall work with the appropriate ministerial staff member who
supervises the work of the custodial personnel and secures professional
maintenance services. The Committee shall enlist volunteer services for special
building projects. The Committee shall plan and recommend to the Finance
Committee an annual maintenance budget.
Section 6
Property Management Committee
The Property Management Committee is responsible for the
management of real property belonging to the Church. It shall study the
physical plant needs of the Church and project future needs. The Committee
shall advise the Church on the proper administration of real property belonging
to the Church not used for the current activities of the Church. The Committee
shall be responsible for negotiating the purchase, sale, or lease of real
property by the Church. All decisions for the purchase, sale or lease of real
property require the vote of the Church.
Section 7. Finance Committee
The Finance Committee is responsible for planning and
recommending the annual budget, for budget control, and for outlining policies
and procedures for the handling of all Church finances. The Committee is to
provide a written report of receipts and distributions not less than monthly and
shall provide a more detailed financial report to the Church at quarterly
business meetings. The Treasurer and a member of the Stewardship Committee
shall be ex-officio members of this Committee.
Section 8. Stewardship Committee
The Stewardship Committee is responsible for a continuous
program of stewardship education and promotion. The Committee shall lead the
Church in promoting and subscribing the annual budget.
Section 9.
Missions Committee
The Missions Committee should work to insure that the Church
is informed, supportive, and involved in the total task of missions. The
Committee shall identify mission opportunities. It shall rally Church support
for all areas of missions, special seasons of prayer and mission offerings. The
Committee shall provide leadership in Associational Missions, Campus Ministries,
International Ministries, and other special mission ministries. The Director of
the Women’s Missionary Union shall be an ex-officio member of this Committee.
The Committee shall plan and recommend to the Finance Committee an annual
missions budget.
Section 10. Early Childhood Committee
The Early Childhood Committee is charged with the
responsibility of advising and giving direction to any Church program or
ministry related to children (birth through age 5). The Committee shall work
with the programs of children’s worship, Sunday School, and Discipleship
Training. It is the responsibility of this Committee to recommend to the Church
that requirements be met to insure a program of quality child care and education
in all areas. The Committee shall plan and recommend to the Finance Committee
an annual early childhood budget.
Section 11. Children’s Committee
The Children’s Committee is charged with the responsibility
of advising and giving direction to any Church program or ministry related to
children (school grades 1 through 6). The Committee shall work with the
programs of Sunday School, and Discipleship Training. It is the responsibility
of this Committee to recommend to the Church that requirements be met to insure
a program of quality child care and education in all areas. The Committee shall
plan and recommend to the Finance Committee an annual childhood budget.
Section 12. Youth Committee
The Youth Committee shall assist in planning and promoting
the youth program. The Committee shall help program organizations and the staff
of the Church, as requested, in attending youth meetings, securing
transportation, and in obtaining adult sponsors whenever needed. The Committee
shall work with the programs of Sunday School, and Discipleship Training. The
Committee shall plan and recommend to the Finance Committee an annual youth
budget.
Section 13. College Committee
The College Committee shall assist in planning and promoting
activities for college students who are members of, or attending, the Church.
The Committee shall help program organizations and the staff of the Church, as
requested, in attending college meetings, securing transportation, and in
obtaining sponsors whenever needed. The Committee shall work with the programs
of Sunday School, and Discipleship Training. The Committee shall plan and
recommend to the Finance Committee an annual college budget.
Section 14. Worship Committee
The Worship Committee shall be responsible for coordinating,
in conjunction with the pastor and other ministerial staff, the activities of
worship services. Responsibilities include, but are not limited to, the areas
of ushers, flowers, ordinances, music and ordinations. The Committee shall
plan and recommend to the Finance Committee an annual worship budget.
Section 15.
Wedding Committee
The Wedding Committee shall represent the Church as liaison
with wedding parties using the Church facilities for weddings or wedding
receptions. The Committee is responsible for protecting Church owned supplies,
equipment and facilities, and for ensuring adherence by wedding parties to
relevant policies, procedures and guidelines adopted by the Property Maintenance
Committee. The Wedding Committee may provide such assistance to wedding
parties; including wedding coordinators, directors, or caterers, as the
Committee deems appropriate. The Wedding Committee is not responsible for
opening, closing, or cleaning the Church buildings, or for providing any service
during the ceremony or any reception beyond that deemed appropriate by the
Committee. Persons desiring to use Church facilities for weddings or wedding
receptions shall be referred to the chairman of the Wedding Committee.
Section 16. Food Service Committee
The Food Service
Committee, in conjunction with appropriate Church staff, shall be responsible
for the operation and maintenance of the Church kitchen facilities and for the
preparation, serving, clean-up, and administration of such meals as are served
for the Church and the costs, if any, to be charged for such meals. The Food
Service Committee may assist in providing some or all of the preparation,
serving, clean-up, and administration of meals served to groups within the
Church or outside the Church. The Food Service Committee is responsible for
deciding whether any such meal for less than the full Church is in furtherance
of the Church mission and what; if any, costs will be charged for these
services. The Food Service Committee is responsible for establishing policies
governing use of the Church kitchen facilities by groups both within or outside
the Church. The Committee shall plan and recommend to the Finance Committee an
annual kitchen budget.
ARTICLE IV. PROGRAM ORGANIZATIONS
Section 1. General
All
organizations of the Church shall be under Church control, all officers being
elected by the Church and reporting regularly to the Church.
Section 2. Sunday School
The Sunday
School shall be the basic organization for the Bible teaching program. Its
tasks shall be to teach the Biblical revelation, reach persons for Christ and
Church membership, provide and interpret information regarding the work of the
Church and denomination.
The Sunday
School shall be organized by departments and/or classes, appropriate for all
ages, and shall be conducted under the direction of a Sunday School Director.
Section 3. Discipleship Training
The Discipleship
Training organization shall serve as the training unit of the Church. Its task
shall be to train Church members to perform the functions of the Church; train
Church leaders; teach Christian theology, Christian ethics, Christian history,
and Church polity and organization; and provide the interpret information
regarding the work of the Church and denomination.
Discipleship
Training shall be organized by departments and/or classes, appropriate for all
ages and shall be conducted under the direction of a Discipleship Training
Director.
Section 4. Women's Missionary Union
Women's
Missionary Union shall be the mission education, mission action, and mission
support organization of the Church for women, young women, girls, and preschool
children. Its tasks shall be to teach missions; engage in mission action;
support world missions through praying and giving; and provide and interpret
information regarding the work of the Church and denomination.
Women's
Missionary Union shall be under the direction of a Director and shall have such
officers and organizations as the program requires.
Section 5. Church Music Program
The Church Music
Program, under the direction of the Church-elected music director, shall be the
music education, training, and performance organization of the Church. Its
tasks shall be to teach music; train persons to lead, sing, and play music;
provide music in the Church and community; and provide and interpret information
regarding the work of the Church and denomination.
The Church Music
Program shall have such officers and organizations as the program requires.
Section 6. Women’s Ministry
The Women’s
Ministry will serve the women of the Church in bible study, prayer, and mutual
support. Its task shall be to grow women to a mature faith in the Lord so that
unity is built with one another, and women in our community are touched in such
a way that they are drawn to the Lord. In this way God will be pleased with
the ministry and honored in the lives of women involved. The Women’s Ministry
will be under the direction of a Women’s Ministry Coordinator. The Women’s
Ministry Coordinator will plan and recommend to the Finance Committee an annual
Women’s Ministry budget.
Section 7. Men’s Ministry
The Men’s
Ministry will serve the men of the Church in bible study, prayer, and mutual
support. Its task shall be to grow men to a mature faith in the Lord so that
unity is built with one another, and men in our community are touched in such a
way that they are drawn to the Lord. In this way God will be pleased with the
ministry and honored in the lives of men involved. The Men’s Ministry will be
under the direction of a Men’s Ministry Coordinator. The Men’s Ministry
Coordinator will plan and recommend to the Finance Committee an annual Men’s
Ministry budget.
ARTICLE V. PROGRAM SERVICES
Section 1. General
The elected leadership of program services shall
be recommended by the Nominating Committee for election by the Church.
Section 2. Media Center Service
The Media Center
Service will be the Church Resource Center. Its personnel will seek to provide
and promote the use of printed and audio-visual resources. They also will
provide consultation to Church leaders and members in the use of printed and
audio-visual resources. The activities of the Media Center Service shall be
conducted under the direction of a Media Center Director elected by the Church.
The Media Center Director shall plan and recommend to the Finance Committee an
annual media budget.
Section 3. Church Display Service
The Church
Display Service shall be responsible for the displays of the Church’s history,
heritage and current events throughout the Church building. The Church Display
Service shall be responsible for the preservation and display of the Church’s
heritage and history artifacts. The Service shall be responsible for the
displays of mission, program and other activities maintained in the Church
property. The Church Display Service shall be conducted under the direction of
a Church Display Director. The Church Display Director will seek such volunteer
service as is needed to adequately staff the Service. The Church Display
Director shall plan and recommend to the Finance Committee an annual budget.
ARTICLE VI. CHURCH ORDINANCES
Section 1. Baptism
The Church shall
receive for baptism any person who has received Jesus Christ as Savior by
personal faith, who professes Him publically at any worship service, and who
indicates a commitment to follow Christ as Lord. When administering this
ordinance, the following guidelines shall be observed:
(a) Baptism shall be by
immersion in water;
(b) The pastor, or someone
authorized by the Worship Committee, shall administer baptism. The Committee
shall also coordinate preparation for, and the observance of, baptism; and
(c) Baptism shall be
administered as an act of worship during any worship service of the Church.
Any person who
professes Christ and is not baptized after a reasonable length of time shall be
counseled by the pastor and/or staff or deacons. If negative interest is
ascertained on the part of the candidate, he or she shall be deleted from those
awaiting baptism.
Section 2. The Lord's Supper
The Church shall
observe the Lord's Supper at least quarterly. The pastor and deacons shall
schedule and serve the Lord's Supper. The Worship Committee shall be
responsible for preparing the elements.
ARTICLE VII. CHURCH MEETINGS
Section 1. Worship Services
The Church shall
meet regularly for the worship of Almighty God. Worship services shall be
scheduled by the Worship Committee and the schedule announced to the
membership.
Section 2. Special Services
Revival services
and any other Church meetings essential to the advancement of the Church's
objectives shall be placed on the Church calendar.
Section 3. Regular Business Meetings
The Church shall
hold regular quarterly business meetings. The date and time shall be designated
by the Church Council. The members shall be given notice of the meetings by
publication in the Church bulletin, mail-outs or announcement at Worship Service
not less than seven (7) days prior to the meeting.
Section 4. Special Business Meetings
The Church may
conduct called business meetings to consider matters of a special nature and
significance. A called meeting shall be requested by the pastor, moderator, or
chairman of the deacons. A seven (7) day notice must be given for a specially
called business meeting unless extreme urgency renders such notice impractical.
The notice shall include the subject, the date, time and place; and it must be
given by publication in the Church bulletin, mail-out or announcements at
Worship Service.
Section 5. Quorum and Majority
The voting
Church members present for a regular or special business meeting held pursuant
to Sections 3 or 4 of this Article shall be a sufficient quorum to conduct
business irrespective of the number present. In determining the result of an
vote, the required majority shall be of those voting, without consideration of
those present and not voting.
Section 6. Parliamentary Rules
The most current
edition of Roberts' Rules of Order, is the authority of parliamentary
rules of procedure for all business meetings of the Church.
ARTICLE VIII. CHURCH PERSONNEL MANUAL
The Church shall
have a personnel manual which sets forth guidelines and procedures in personnel
matters. The manual shall be kept in the Church office and made available for
use by any member of the Church. The Personnel Committee shall develop the
manual; subject to Church approval.
The Personnel
Committee shall review the Personnel Manual periodically and recommend any
changes. Additionally, any voting member may propose changes to the Personnel
Manual either by referring the matter to the Personnel Committee or upon motion
to the Church. Any amendments or substitution of the Personnel Manual must be
by vote of the Church at a regular business meeting or special business meeting
called for that purpose.
ARTICLE IX. PRIOR BY-LAWS
These By-Laws
replace the By-Laws adopted by the Church on December 14, 1994, all amendments
to those By-Laws, and all prior By-Laws.
ARTICLE X. AMENDMENTS
Changes in the
Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws may be made at any regular business
meeting of the Church. Each amendment, however, shall have been presented in
writing at a previous business meeting, and copies of the proposed amendment
shall have been furnished to each member present at the earlier meeting.
Amendments to the Articles of Incorporation shall be approved by the two-thirds
majority. Amendments to the By-Laws shall have the concurrence of a simple
majority of the voting members.